Promoting a Sustainable Future Through Research, Collaboration, and Education
Safeguarding Ecosystems, Empowering Communities, and Shaping Environmental Policy
From Research to Action - Protecting Natural Resources and Fostering Sustainability
Collaboration, Education, and Advocacy for a Sustainable Future
Securing a Thriving Environment for Generations to Come Through Research and Education
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted with BD-7320, BD-7328, BD-9952, BD-10154, BD-10158, BARI Begun-1, BARI Begun-4, BARI Begun-5, BARI Begun-6, BARI Begun-7, BARI Begun-8 and BARI Begun-9 germplasm lines of brinjal with a view to understanding the resistant behavior of plant morphological characteristics and phytochemical contents to aphid infestation. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during September 2018 to March 2019. The abundance of aphid among the germplasm lines varied significantly, and was the lowest and statistically similar on BD-9952, BARI Begun-6 and BARI Begun-4. The abundance of aphid on BARI Begun-8 and BD-10158 showed significant positive correlation with plant height, branch/plant, leaf/plant and leaf area, but had significant negative association with abaxial and adaxial leaf trichomes, spine/stem and spine/leaf. The phytochemical content of leaf like moisture, total chlorophyll, proline, reducing sugar, total sugar and protein content had positive effect on the abundance of aphid, whereas pH and ash content of leaf had negative correlation. The infestation level of aphid varied significantly among twelve germplasm lines where BD-9952, BARI Begun- 6 and BARI Begun- 4 depicted statistically similar and the lowest infestation of aphid.
Keywords: Solanum melongena, morphological characters, phytochemicals, Myzus persicae.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: The study was carried out using four botanical oils such as neem, (Azadirachta indica) pithraj, kalozira (Black camin) (Nigella sativa) and tishi (Linseed) (Linum usitatissimum) to manage red pumpkin beetle Aulacophora foveicollis attacking sweet gourd. Data were taken on the number of red pumpkin beetle on a twig per plant and fruits yield. The number of insects reduced with increasing time after spray of botanical oils. The number of insect per plant markedly reduced up to 72 hours of spray but best result was observed at 24 and 48 hours after application of treatments. For every spray the highest number of insect was observed 7 days after spray. The results of the present study revealed that among all the tested botanical oils black cumin had promising effect against the beetle at 7 days after spray. Based on the number of fruits per plant black cumin oil may be used as an effective management option against A. foveicollis.
Keywords: Black cumin, neem, Linseed, Pithraj, oils, red pumpkin beetle, Sweet gourd.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: Eight species of insect pests belonging to four orders and eight families were found to infest at different growth stages of brinjal crop in the experimental field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during October, 2018 to April, 2019. Among the insects, five namely, Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), (Leucinodes orbonalis), epilachna beetle (Epilachna dodecastigma), jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), aphid (Aphis gossypii) and whitefly (Bemisiatabaci) were recorded as the major pests and the rests were of minor pests. Four species of natural enemies namely, coccinellid beetles Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis, Menochilus sexmaculatus and spider, Argiope luzona were also recorded in the experimental field. Among the pests, BSFB was borer and epilachna beetle was chewing pests and rests were considered as sucking pests of brinjal. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) infestation showed significant variation among the varieties. Most of the pest incidence was observed maximum in the 3rd week of April at the fruiting stage of the crop. The maximum shoot and fruit infestation (38.75% and 53.68%) recorded in non-Bt brinjal during 3rd week of April, 2019, while Bt brinjal suffered minimum shoot and fruit infestation (1.22% and 1.98%).Among the varieties BARI Bt begun-2 received the lowest BSFB incidence (0.92 in number) while the highest was 15.23 observed from Jashore local. Average healthy fruit yield of Bt and non-Btbrinjal were recorded 39.89 t ha-1 and 24.36 t ha-1, respectively. While infested fruit yield of Bt and non-Bt brinjal were 1.19 t ha-1 and 11.88 t ha-1, respectively.
Keywords: Bt and non-Bt brinjal varieties, major insect pests, natural enemies.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: A new species of spitting spider genus Scytodes Latreille namely – Scytodes tikaderi n. sp. is described and illustrated. Generic diagnosis together with the distribution of the species also provided herewith.
Keywords: New species, Spitting spiders, Scytodes, Araneae, Scytodidae, Bangladesh.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: Studies on the prevalence of veterinary ectoparasitic insects and arachnids of cattle and goats in three upazila of Cumilla district was conducted for one year during December 2013 to November 2014. Three upazila of Cumilla district were Barura, Chandina and Laksam selected for the study. Total 742 animals (cattle 463 and goats 279) were examined; among them 564 animals (353 cattle and 211 goats) were found infested by several species of ectoparasites (e.g., lice, flies, fleas, ticks and so on). Veterinary animals (cattle and goats) in Barura upazila showed the highest prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation (81.43%) and in Chandina upazila showed the lowest prevalence (56.42%). The intensity of ectoparasites infestation was the highest in Chandina (9.08) and the lowest was in Laksam upazila (7.78). Cattle in Barura upazila showed the highest prevalence (80.86%) and intensity (12.11) and in Chandina upazila showed the lowest prevalence (57.96%) and Laksam showed the lowest intensity (9.08). Goats in Barura upazila showed the highest prevalence (82.10%) and the lowest intensity (5.56) and in Chandina upazila showed the lowest prevalence (51.73%) and the highest intensity (5.56). The present study quantifies the level of ectoparasitic infestation in cattle and goats which demands immediate research on intensive epidemiological study, detail identification and management to improve and maintain animal health and production. In addition, studies are needed to estimate the economic losses caused by these ectoparasites.
Keywords: Veterinary animal, Ectoparasites, Prevalence, Intensity, Cattle, Goat.
Post Time: 3 months ago
INTRODUCTION: Effect of climate change is not confined to arthropod pests and their outbreaks; beneficial arthropods are also affected. Therefore, an attempt has been made to include effect of global warming on four beneficial arthropods viz., insects, mites, ticks and, spiders. Global warming is a great concern throughout the world. The ill effects of global warming like change in climate, temperature, rainfall, humidity, level of carbon dioxide have been found to have both positive and negative effects on insects, which in turn reduces the effectiveness of crop protection measures. Effect on human animal health is no exception. This creates the need for global warming to be taken as an important criterion in Entomology. Being poikilothermic in nature insects are greatly affected by changing temperature.
The major cause of climate change is the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) viz., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (NO2) as a result of human activities from pre-industrial era. These gases keep the earth warm and cause global warming or greenhouse effect. Global warming is caused by natural factors as well as human activities. There are number of natural factors responsible for climate change. Some of the most prominent are volcanoes, ocean currents, forest fire etc. Among human activities, emissions of greenhouse gases, industrialization, deforestation, fuel burning, etc. are the most important factors contributing to global warming. It is not new that global warming can affect agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on crops, soils, pests, livestock and fish. Changes in climatic factors affect crops in various ways through ineffective pollination, salinity, drought, crop sterility, submergence, flash floods, plant mortality through inappropriate temperature level, hot air flush, cyclone, hailstorm etc. Climate change affects the biology of insects, spiders and mites.
Global climate changes have significant impacts on agriculture and also on agricultural insect pests. Agricultural crops and their corresponding pests are irectly and indirectly affected by climate change. Direct impacts are on pests’ reproduction, development, survival and dispersal, whereas indirectly the climate change affects the relationships between pests, their environment and other insect species such as natural enemies, competitors, vectors and mutualisms. Insects are poikilothermic organisms; the temperature of their body depends on the temperature of the environment. Thus, temperature is probably the most important environmental factor affecting insect behavior, distribution, development and reproduction.
Therefore, farmers can expect to face new and intense pest problems in the coming years due to the changing climate. The spread of crop pests across physical and political boundaries threatens food security which is a global problem common to all countries and regions. Effects of different climatic factor on several aspects of insects, their natural enemies, insecticides, biopesticides and overall impact on crop production and food security are described here starting with effects on some beneficial and commonly known arthropods.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: The growing global concerns about ecological and health issues have raised the necessity of managing insect pests without the use of chemical pesticides. This fact has prompted to explore alternative methods of pest management that are efficient and environmentally sustainable. This review highlights the advancement of biopesticides, including their application with specificity to target pests as well as constraints and prospects with market status. Biopesticides, which are derived from natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and insects, provide a sustainable and environment friendly solution for controlling pests while minimizing harm to non-target organisms. The biopesticide market has been increasing globally, and thousands of commercially marketed biopesticides are now used against insect pests. Worldwide, most marketed biopesticides are derived from several subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis, which control diversified orders of pests, including Lepidoptera and Diptera. Although, biopesticides have shown significant efficacy, restricted formulation approaches have limited their overall acceptance due to lower acute activity and a higher degradation rate. The review highlights the importance of ongoing research, development, and regulatory support for biopesticides to a large extent. Then, biopesticides have become a beacon of hope for a safer and more eco-friendly approach for controlling pests.
Keywords: Biopesticide, biopesticide market, eco-friendly management, microbial pesticide, pest management.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted in the rose garden of the Department of Horticulture and Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to assess the toxicity of three synthetic and one botanical insecticides namely Confidor 70 WG, Actara 25 WG, Liquor 1.8 EC and neem oil on rose thrips. The highest mean mortality (75.0 ± 1.9%) of thrips was found with Confidor 70 WG. Besides, Confidor 70 WG showed the lowest value of LC50 and LC95 (147.6 and 708.3 ppm, respectively at 6 hours after treatments). The findings revealed that the tested insecticides showed significant differences on the leaf and flower infestation against thrips on rose plants and had promising effect in reducing the infestation level. The level of leaf and flower infestation (6.7 ± 3.8% and 9.7 ± 0.5%, respectively) was found the lowest in Confidor 70 WG treated plot.
Keywords: Insecticides, neem oil, Rosa sp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, mortality, infestation.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: The field study was undertaken to estimate the application loss of synthetic pyrethroid (Cypermethrin 10EC) insecticide through soil and air at different days after transplanting of brinjal. The study was conducted in the experimental farm of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during summer season (February to June 2016). Cypermethrin sprayed at 10 days interval @ 1 ml l-1 of water was highly deposited on the brinjal plant at 100 days after transplanting (DAT) (53.20±3.20%) and the lowest deposition was at 30 DAT (26.90 ± 2.69%). The drift loss of cypermethrin was ranged from 3.40±0.24 % at 50 DAT to 5.60± 0.34% at 120 DAT in air on the other hand 41.70± 2.92% at 100 DAT to 69.60± 6.96% at 30 DAT in soil. While cypermethrin sprayed @ 2 ml l-1 of water at 15 days interval, the same results were observed i.e., 1 ml l-1 of water applied at 10 days interval and 2 ml l-1 of water at 15 days interval showed the almost similar results. The loss of cypermethrin was reduced day by day as the brinjal plant canopy and the plant height increased with the time. The highest drift loss was 73.10±7.31% at 30 DAT and the lowest was 46.80±3.28% at 100 DAT as the brinjal plant height and canopy increased.
Keywords: Estimation, drifting loss, cypermethrin 10EC, Solanum melongena L.
Post Time: 3 months ago
ABSTRACT: The topical spraying and residual methods were used to measure the toxicity and repellency effect of four plant leaf (neem, crown flower, water peeper and marigold) extracts against bean bug, R. pedestris. The plant extracts were prepared in one solvent and applied at three doses viz., 500, 600 and 700 mg L-1 of water with 50% ethanol. Results revealed that the maximum mortality (100%) of adults was recorded by topical spraying of Neem and Crown flower @ 700 mg L-1 at 48 hours after treatment. These were followed by water pepper and marigold at 54 and 60 hours after treatment @ 700 mg/L of water. At residual method, the maximum mortality (100%) of adults was also recorded while Neem sprayed at 48 hours after treatment @ 700 mg L-1. The result of repellency test showed that all the applied doses of leaf extracts had repellency and direct toxicity effects but Neem showed the best response and it possess the repellency class III followed by water pepper and marigold. Therefore, Neem and Crown flower extracts showed potential to control of bean bug, R. pedestris and can be used as alternative of synthetic pesticides.
Keywords: Bean bug, R. pedestris, topical spraying, residual application, repellency.
Post Time: 3 months ago
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